What is a biophysical profile (BPP)?

A biophysical profile (BPP) is a comprehensive assessment that evaluates several aspects of fetal well-being, combining assessments of fetal heart rate, fetal movements, muscle tone, breathing movements, and the amount of amniotic fluid. This multidimensional approach provides a more complete picture of fetal health than any single assessment can offer. Specifically, the inclusion of fetal heart rate patterns and physical movements allows healthcare providers to monitor the fetus's condition effectively.

Unlike a sole focus on fetal heart rate, which would not provide enough information about the overall health status of the fetus, or a maternal health assessment, which focuses solely on the mother's condition, the BPP integrates multiple parameters that together indicate how well the fetus is doing in the womb. Additionally, it is a non-invasive procedure, contrasting with invasive methods that might involve risks for both the mother and the fetus. Thus, the combination of various assessments that the BPP offers is essential for ensuring comprehensive fetal monitoring and timely interventions if necessary.